What you need to study a child

Scientists have found that children who study well usually have a lot of books at home. Does this mean that the success of a child depends on the size of the home library?

No, although this conclusion sounds like a headline for a sensational article. It only means that factors such as the availability of books at home and good academic performance are correlated with each other, that is, they have a statistical relationship. Not to be confused with causal! Correlation can be detected using regression analysis: having many variables — family income, parent's education, time to watch TV, and so on — the researchers chose cases in which all the characteristics are similar, except for one, and tried to draw conclusions whether some specific feature of the child’s life is related with his school grades.
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This allowed scientists to identify eight factors that have a positive or negative correlation with the child's academic performance.

1. Parents received a good education

A child of educated parents is likely to be a good student at school. This is facilitated by the inherited craving for knowledge, and the intelligent environment in which it grows, as well as the fact that such parents understand the value of education and pass this feeling on to the child.
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2. Parents have a high income and a good position in society
According to Levitt, such children receive good grades not only for reasons that seem obvious - wealthy parents can afford to pay for a good school and tutors, although this is true. More importantly, these factors are indicators of parents ’prosperity, which means that they are most likely smart, educated and able to live in the same way as their friends, and all this forms the environment in which the child grows.

3. The mother of the child for the first time gives birth at the age of thirty years or older
Parents who have decided to have children as young as possible are likely to have received a good education and built a career by this time. Such children are almost always welcome. A late-born woman will not necessarily be an ideal mother, but will almost certainly be able to devote a lot of time to the child and his education.
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4. The baby at birth weighed little
As the study shows, children born with low weight demonstrate poor results in school. Stephen Levitt connects this with the fact that underweight is usually found in premature babies, and having a baby ahead of time often indicates problems in the parents - this may be poor health or an improper lifestyle, factors that could negatively affect the baby’s early years .