You felt that you were being deceived, they were being tricked with, you were given black for white, but you cannot understand how this happens? The interlocutor is clearly wrong, leads you by the nose, but you cannot resist him. This article is intended to teach you to notice and respond to demagogic tricks.
What is demagogy, who, where and when does it use? What are the protection methods? How to stop giving in to influence and become more independent, self-confident? How to learn to defend your position and overcome disputes as a winner? The answers are below.
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What is demagogy and why is it needed?
Demagogy - a deliberate effect on the feelings, instincts of people, hypocritical adjustment to the tastes of the unconscious part of the masses to achieve their goals. This is a set of oratory and polemic tools that allow you to control people, convince them and mislead. Literally translated from Greek as "leadership of the people" or "fawning on the people."
Demagogy is widely used in politics, advertising and all kinds of propaganda. But some tricks are used by the most ordinary people: your colleagues, friends, and family members. Someone does this consciously, someone has encountered such techniques and unconsciously began to use them. But in any case, you must be able to resist them.
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Consideration of techniques and methods of protection
A direct lie. The essence of the reception is clear without explanation.
How to fight:
Always claim the facts. The facts must be true and from reliable sources. Point out that the judgment is unfounded and cannot be trusted.
Give a judgment opposite to false. Confirm it with real facts, links to sources you can trust.
The withdrawal of the conversation from the original topic. When the interlocutor understands that he is losing the argument, that his arguments are untenable and inferior to yours, he can simply switch to another topic so that you do not have time to prove that he is wrong. Or the opponent just convinced you of something and so that you do not have time to think, “digest” and verify the statement for authenticity, changes the subject, leaving you with faith in the conclusion of the interlocutor.
How to fight:
Closely monitor the topic of conversation. Sometimes an illusion may arise that you are saying everything about the same thing, but actually looking at the subject of discussion from another perspective and only formally, indirectly.
If you notice a departure from the topic, immediately pay attention to it. Tell the other person that he is talking about something completely different and ask him to return to the topic of discussion.
Indicate that you noticed the use of this technique so that the interlocutor does not dare to resort to it in the course of further discussion.
Example:
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- Alexei, when will you finish work on the project?
- We are actively working on the project. Now this is our first priority. We try to meet all your conditions and work tirelessly. I am sure that you will be satisfied with our work and the quality of the project.
The conversation is still about the project, but Alex left the topic and ignored the question. Initially, they asked about the deadlines, and Alex began to talk about the quality of the project and how hard his team was working.
The answer should be something like this:
- I believe that you are putting a lot of effort into this project, but I asked about the timing. So, when can I see the finished project?
Inappropriate appeal to authority. Often, in order to confirm the validity of their judgments, the interlocutor refers to the opinion of an authoritative person. But such a referral is not always appropriate. This can be used as an argument only if the person is credible precisely in the area discussed by the parties to the dispute. If he is not an expert in the matter under discussion, then no matter what his qualifications in another matter, his opinion cannot be considered true.
How to fight:
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Point out that the person to whom the interlocutor refers is an authority in a completely different field and his opinion cannot be trusted. After all, no matter how talented the artist was, they would not be asked how to fix the wiring correctly. On this occasion, it is logical to contact an electrician, and ignore the opinions of others.
It may also be that a person’s authority is doubtful, his colleagues often criticize him and his opinions are regularly questioned. Then even if he is a specialist in the field we need, we should not trust him unconditionally. Be sure to say that authority is doubtful, and you cannot accept his words on faith.
Example:
- I believe that this company will soon become a leader in its market. If you invest in it now, you can make good money.
- Come on, one politician said in an interview last week that she would soon fail. Only money to lose.
Not all politicians are competent in these matters. It would be more logical to appeal to the opinion of a specialist in finance.
But this should be answered something like this:
- Yes? I’m not sure that he understands this matter. You do not know what famous businessmen and financial analysts say on this subject?
Attribution of another's opinion and its defeat. In order to undermine your authority and make statements doubtful, the interlocutor may ascribe to you a judgment that you have not put forward and criticize it. In this case, if one of your alleged judgments is incorrect, others may also be false.
How to fight:
As soon as you notice this technique, immediately pay attention to it. Say that you did not make such judgments and did not draw such conclusions. Do not allow words to be attributed to you that you did not say.
Once again, describe in detail your point of view so that your interlocutor and observers understand your position correctly. Perhaps you are not trying to win the dispute with the help of a demagogic reception, but they sincerely do not understand. Be precise in expressions and answer all questions asked.
An appeal to the personal qualities of the interlocutor. Here if there are two options:
Indicate your weaknesses and weaknesses in order to lower the authority in the eyes of observers and reduce their degree of trust in you. The interlocutor is trying to make you an ignorant and stupid person whose opinion should not even be taken into account. Usually they come to this when rational arguments have ended, and if you repel the attack, then most likely you will emerge victorious from the dispute.
Indicate your strengths and frankly flatter. You must have been told the phrase "you are a sufficiently educated person to understand ..." or something like that. You are usually very pleased that your intellectual abilities are appreciated, and if you do not agree, then at least mitigate your criticism.
How to fight:
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If they indicate your shortcomings, answer that this is not related to the conversation. Demand criticism of your position, not yourselves. Do not allow the transition to personality.
Agree with the interlocutor about your positive qualities, but do not agree with his opinion and continue to stand your ground.
An example of the first case:
- I believe that your proposal has a number of shortcomings and significant omissions.
- What do you understand! How can you judge the validity of a proposal, even if you cannot always come to work on time?
Answer that this is irrelevant, and continue to argue your opinion.
An example of the second case:
- I believe that your proposal has a number of shortcomings and significant omissions.
“But you are smart and qualified enough to understand that these are trifles and these small flaws can be easily eliminated?”
Answer something like that:
- Yes, I’m smart enough and qualified, so I can’t agree with you. The proposal has serious shortcomings, and if you know how to deal with them, then tell us right now.
So, you got acquainted with the most basic and widespread demagogic tricks and learned how to deal with them. Remember where you have already met them. At work? At home? Perhaps your friend uses them regularly? Now you will be much less likely to succumb to their influence. Now you will not allow defeat in a dispute where you are initially right. Now you will not allow yourself to be led by the nose. Now you can confront the demagogues and defend your position to a victorious outcome.
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