Black rhetoric, Demagogy and other

 Demagogy, the basis of manipulation, the strength of the call
The final lesson of the black rhetoric cycle is devoted to demagogic techniques, the basics of manipulation in public speaking and the special technique of dominating the conversation, which Bredemeyer calls the call.

Demagogy, according to Wikipedia, is a set of oratory and polemic techniques and tools that allow you to mislead the audience and incline it to your side using false theoretical reasoning based on logical errors. Bredemeyer, in his book, gives a definition from Duden (German dictionary): “the art of political seduction through passionate public speaking.” Here are 18 signs of this political (and not only) seduction.
https://real-911.s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/the-best-speeches-of-the-day-vocational-guidance-html.pdf

Signs of demagogy and its features
I’ll make a reservation right away: if you listen to someone, and the speaker’s speech fits one or two of the signs listed here, this does not make him a demagogue. This list is rather conditional, but if you hear one of the above, this is an occasion to increase attention and vigilance.

Simplicity and clarity of presentation. A clear orientation and direction to action is given. The train of thought of the listeners is guided by the demagogue.
There is a division into "friends" and "strangers." The latter, of course, immediately receive the label "enemies".
https://real-911.s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/the-teacher-should-be-a-mentor-but-not-a-partner-html.pdf
“Ones” acquire an extremely positive characterization, “aliens” - as negative as possible.
The message is based on the stressed phrase, which describes the problem hanging over "their".
Further, the "friends" and "strangers" separation does not pass. All approval or condemnation applies immediately to all members of the group. Differences between people within them and the presence of subgroups are ignored.
The individual refers to "strangers" or "his" depending on the audience. If the authority of a person needs to be lowered, then to the former, if increased, to the latter.
The demagogue and / or organization that he represents belongs to the category of “super-self”. That is, they are the most “most” of their “and” wholeheartedly fighting for the well-being of the remaining members of their group.
https://real-911.s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/personal-choice-5-schools-after-school-html.pdf
The demagogue never admits his mistakes. To the maximum, it allows an incorrect interpretation of the judgment.
The point of view that the demagogue defends is protected by fictitious facts that are not subject to verification.
Reliable facts are refuted by statistics taken from the air, and false arguments.
Scapegoats are being indicted. They can be bureaucrats, foreigners, and others from the category of "strangers."
The argument focuses on the emotional points to which the demagogue’s propaganda tricks come down.
https://real-911.s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/not-just-selfies-photos-that-could-inspire-in-html.pdf
Active visualization during emotionalization. Listeners are forced to draw certain pictures in their expression in order to evoke the feelings and reactions needed by the demagogue.
Wide use of vivid images, impressive comparisons and colorful analogies.
"Aliens" regularly poured mud. Rough expressions help to emphasize the difference between the two groups and arouse disgust or hatred for people in another category.
Including in verbal attacks on "strangers" the physical parameters of the opponent are used ("fat man", "yield", etc.).
“Strangers” is credited with the desire to proceed with violent acts. They persuade “their” not to wait for a blow and defend themselves (to beat first).
All actions of "strangers" are explained by bad motives. Any action is interpreted as aimed at the oppression of "their".
In opposing demagogy, the main thing is to understand that you are being controlled, and they are being influenced by your will. If you understand that you are being led to something, then the speaker is unlikely to be able to do this. Therefore, re-read the list of signs of demagoguery again and try to remember it. Do not succumb to the influence of the demagogues, be vigilant.
https://real-911.s3.us-east.cloud-object-storage.appdomain.cloud/how-to-do-the-quest-the-lesson-html.pdf

Focus on the essentials
Most often, the basis of manipulation is distraction. A person’s attention is diverted from the main to the secondary, as a result of which he ceases to rely on really important aspects when making a decision.

You must manage. Keep your audience focused on really important circumstances so that they don’t give in to your opponent’s manipulation.

Or vice versa: divert attention from the main thing so that it is easier for you to manage your listeners. You can not only defend yourself, but also attack yourself.

Develop your critical thinking: learn to highlight what is really important in the messages of other people, and not what they focus on. Do not allow your attention to be diverted, do not let yourself be manipulated.

In addition to highlighting the main thing, consider what they tried to concentrate on where you wanted to take it. So you will understand what purpose the manipulator pursued, what they expected from you and what they wanted to persuade. Forewarned - armed. Even if you do not figure out other tricks of manipulation, you will know what you definitely should not do.

You also need to pay attention to the emotional coloring. This is a special type of trick. Example:

- We are ready to give you this product incredibly, simply unforgivably cheaply: just so many rubles.

Then they focus your attention on the fact that it is cheap, and they try to leave the amount itself in the shade. This example is primitive and simple, but a similar mechanism is very common and can take much less obvious forms.

Bredemeyer formulates several rules:
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The more insistently some imposition is imposed on you, the more likely it is that this is a manipulation and there is some kind of fraud. Be careful.
If you are offered ready-made facts and selection criteria, evaluate whether they are truly indicative and important. For example, if the seller of the car promises comfortable movement around the city - this can not be called a plus. Any car involves driving on the road.
Imposed patterns of perception are a great foundation for manipulation.
The same can be said about intentional emotionalization.

Magical Summon Power


The magic power of summoning is another model of conversation. Its peculiarity is that it is practically devoid of questions and based on various appeals that help the rhetorician to dominate the conversation.
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Bredemeyer cites the example of his four-year-old son Josh, a child who, like many other children, has a rare use of questions. He does not ask, he prompts to action.

What kind of environment Josh would not be in, the people around him are constantly involved in the realization of his plans: “Give a shovel”, “Tie a rope”, “Call a brother”, etc. Appeals in his speech come first.

A call is a demand, the addressee of which performs the action necessary for the addressee.

Karsten Bredemeyer complains that children are fluent in black rhetoric, but adults are trying to retrain them. Bredemeier Sr. sneers at the same time: I wonder how much the “reverse education” program would cost?
A new dimension of appeal
Every conversation has a purpose. Someone wants to change the behavior of the interlocutor, his motives, etc. In view of this, the communicator sends the recipient a specific call to action.

The content of the appeals can be very different: from asking to think about something to committing a certain act. Also, appeals can be classified by their form: open or veiled, sometimes with some reservations.
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Bredemeyer takes the liberty of introducing a new concept of appeal. Very often, in order to demand something, we lack the courage to confront, so we resort to the soft and evasive formulations of our desires, hide behind beautiful words.

"Say what you want and you will get it!" - unfortunately, a very rarely working rule is due to our inability to specifically and clearly define our requirements and desires.

There should be no ambiguity after the call. Fortunately, there is a whole palette of effective appeals and Bredemeyer describes them.

Black and white call mentality
Many appeals require a psychological choice between black and white. Examples:

“The enemies of my enemies are my friends!”
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That is, the possibility of the existence of something third is not considered: the world consists only of enemies and friends, there is a clear border between them.

The talk im Turm talk show host led the guests into a dead end due to the principle “you are either a pacifist or a potential killer”. Thus, appeals can turn neutral images into friends or enemies, can force them to make choices and consciously perform the desired action for the opponent.

Conscription Assistance Syndrome
We were born to help other people, to support everyone and everyone. How can you stand aside when there are so many people in need around the world? A person’s desire to help others is actively used for selfish purposes.

After all, everyone is pleased to do noble deeds, help the weak, sacrifice something for the sake of others, feel like a hero? There is a form of appeal that satisfies our desires. The more noble the purpose of the call, the greater the desire to do what is being asked.

Of course, applying such “noble” formulations for personal gain is low and immoral. I strongly recommend not to use them, but only to defend themselves against manipulators and their effects through such calls.

Scapegoat Model and Call
You can easily find examples of the application of this model in any election campaign, because the call to vote for a party is often supported by the search and finding of the guilty. Those who do not follow the call are branded “far from reality” or even “enemies”.
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Winner Effect and Call
I think everyone has come across this effect. If you are in limbo, you can’t make a choice, but then you will find out the result of the choice of other people, then you will probably be inclined towards the one you choose more often.

The leader of the vote always receives a “winner's prize” and increases his advantage, strengthens in the first position.

You can use the winner effect in your performances. Appeal to the fact that the choice you impose is the choice of the majority, and the audience will be inclined to this decision.

Creating a complex of guilt and getting rid of it
Calls to fulfill one’s duty and calls that justify evasion, use our guilt complex. An appeal to conscience is an extremely effective method of strengthening the call. Example:

You can urge people to abandon household chemicals, because the enterprises that produce it harm the environment.

This is a powerful type of call, but it also does not always work. Have you agreed to abandon household chemicals? Unlikely. The fact is that our conscience is selective and some appeals to the guilt complex are ignored.

Call as an indication of a specific action
Undoubtedly, a call is a more effective tool for instructing you to take an action than a question. The recipient does not make a decision, does not seek an answer to the question. He receives a ready-made solution, already found and the answer given to him. Compare wording:

- Could you open the window?

- Open the window?

- Please open the window!

The question gives the interlocutor the opportunity to make a decision, but the call reminds that there is already a solution!

Call is a direct appeal giving a clear indication.

You may argue that calling is impolite. Bredemeyer claims no. First, here the main role is played not by the wording itself, but by tone and intonation. Secondly, most people will do what you told them, and they won’t even understand that they’ve "caught the bait."

But this does not mean that you need to replace all the questions in your speech with calls. Speech from questions alone is just as stupid as speech from calls alone. Use both in moderation.

You can use mixed designs, for example: “What do you think? Share your opinion! "," Could you answer a couple of questions? So tell me ... ".

This concludes our course of black rhetoric from Bredemeyer. I hope that you have gained a lot of useful knowledge, become less manageable, ceased to be lost during a conversation, and public appearances have turned their weak point into a powerful tool to achieve your goals.